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An art game (or arthouse game or less commonly auteur game〔Wilson, Douglas. ''(Opinion: 'gg Game Auteur, no re' )''. Gamasutra. 29 August 2008.〕) is a work of interactive new media digital software art as well as a member of the "art game" subgenre of the serious video game. The term "art game" was first used academically in 2002 and it has come to be understood as describing a video game designed to emphasize art or whose structure is intended to produce some kind of reaction in its audience. Art games are ''interactive''〔Holmes, Tiffany. ''(Arcade Classics Span Art? Current Trends in the Art Game Genre )''. Melbourne DAC 2003. 2003.〕 (usually ''competitive'' against the computer, self, or other players〔Cannon, Rebecca. "Introduction to Artistic Computer Game Modification". Plaything Conference 2003 (Sydney, Australia). October 2003.〕), and they are the result of ''artistic intent'' by the party offering the piece for consideration.〔Stalker, Phillipa Jane. ''(Gaming In Art: A Case Study Of Two Examples Of The Artistic Appropriation Of Computer Games And The Mapping Of Historical Trajectories Of 'Art Games' Versus Mainstream Computer Games )''. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 2005.〕 They also typically go out of their way to have a unique, unconventional look, often standing out for aesthetic beauty or complexity in design.〔Staff. ''(Video Game Blogs )''. Format Magazine - Pushing Play. 5 November 2008.〕 The concept has been extended by some art theorists to the realm of modified ("modded") gaming when modifications have been made to existing non-art-games to produce graphic results intended to be viewed as an artistic display, as opposed to modifications intended to change game play scenarios or for storytelling. Modified games created for artistic purposes are sometimes referred to as "video game art." Art games are often considered a means of demonstrating video games as works of art. ==Overview== A definition of the art game was first proposed by professor Tiffany Holmes (School of the Art Institute of Chicago) in her 2003 paper for the Melbourne DAC Conference, "Arcade Classics Span Art? Current Trends in the Art Game Genre". Professor Holmes defined the art game as "an interactive work, usually humorous, by a visual artist that does one or more of the following: challenges cultural stereotypes, offers meaningful social or historical critique, or tells a story in a novel manner." The paper further clarified that an art game must contain at least two of the following: (1) "a defined way to win or experience success in a mental challenge," (2) "passage through a series of levels (that may or may not be hierarchical)," or (3) "a central character or icon that represents the player."〔 This definition was narrowed by Rebecca Cannon in an October 2003 paper where she highlighted the competitive, goal-oriented nature of the genre in defining art games as "compris() an entire, (to some degree) playable game... Art games are always interactive—and that interactivity is based on the needs of competing... Art games explore the game ''format'' primarily as a new mode for structuring narrative and cultural critique."〔〔Bittanti, Matteo. ''(Game Art )''. Mattscape. Retrieved 1 February 2013.〕 Within the topic of the art game, further subdivisions have been proposed. In her 2003 paper, Tiffany Holmes identified two common art game types as the "feminist art game" (an art game that generates thinking about gender and typecasting), and the "retro-styled art game" (an art game that juxtaposes low-resolution graphics with academic or theoretical content, and that creatively subverts the format of an arcade classic to support a conceptual creative agenda).〔 In 2005, art theorist Pippa Tshabalala née Stalker defined the art game broadly as "a video game, normally PC as opposed to console based, that generally but not exclusively explores social or political issues through the medium of the video game," and she proposed two different categorical schemes to further subdivide the genre by theme and by type. Subdividing by theme, Stalker defined "aesthetic art games" as "art games that use the game medium to express an artistic purpose," and she defined "political/agenda-based art games" as "art games that have some sort of ulterior motive other than aesthetics and whose basis is in using the medium of computer games to bring an issue to the public's, or at least the art world's, attention in order to attract support and understanding for a cause."〔 Subdividing by type, Stalker identified the "art mod", the "physical manifestation art game" (the player is involved physically in the game, often experiencing physical consequences, such as pain, for their actions), "machinima", and "3D real-time art game" (an art game that displays all the characteristics of a complete level based commercial game, both on the programming and commercial side).〔 The identification of art mods and machinima as forms of the art game conflicts with Cannon's definition of the art mod that highlights the non-interactive and non-competitive nature of these forms of media. Since the development of these early definitions, art theorists have emphasized the role of ''artistic intent''〔 (of author ''or'' curator) and further definitions have emerged from both the art world and the video game world that draw a clear distinction between the "art game" and its predecessor, "video game art."〔Sharp, John. ''A Curiously Short History of Game Art''. Georgia Institute of Technology. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. Pp.26-32. 29 May - 1 June 2012.〕 At the core of the matter for all definitions, however, lies an intersection between art and the video game. Easily confused with its often non-interactive sibling art form video game art, and the concept of video games as an art form (irrespective of artistic intent), the essential position that art games take in relation to video games is analogous with the position that art film takes in relation to film.〔 ACM SIGGRAPH opened an online exhibit "The Aesthetics of Gameplay" in March 2014, featuring 45 independently-developed games selected via a nomination process, where the mechanics of gameplay are, in part, tied to the visuals and audio of the game. Greg Garvey, the curator of this exhibit, compared this to the concept of ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' where the work attempts to encompass other art forms, though as Garvey comments, the "merger of interaction with the aesthetics" drives these games beyond the concept of ''Gesamtkunstwerk''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Art game」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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